Construction of buildings statistics 2016

Αrt2183 Σάββατο 14 Ιανουαρίου 2017
Construction of buildings statistics - NACE Rev. 2
Data from August 2016, most recent data: Further Eurostat information, Main tables and Database Planned article update: October 2017

This article presents an overview of statistics for the construction of buildings in the European Union (EU), as covered by NACE Rev. 2 Division 41. It belongs to a set of statistical articles on 'Business economy by sector' .

Building projects typically take much longer from conception to completion than the creation of products in many other sectors, and often involve a large number of subcontracting enterprises with various specialisations. Another characteristic of the construction of buildings sector is that this activity is particularly cyclical, influenced by business and consumer confidence, interest rates and government programmes; this should be borne in mind when interpreting data that concern recent years which have been affected by the financial and economic crisis.


Table 1: Key indicators, construction of buildings (NACE Division 41), EU-28, 2013 - Source: Eurostat (sbs_na_con_r2)

Figure 1: Sectoral analysis of construction of buildings (NACE Division 41), EU-28, 2013 (1)
(% share of sectoral total) - Source: Eurostat (sbs_na_con_r2)

Table 2a: Sectoral analysis of key indicators, construction of buildings (NACE Division 41), EU-28, 2013 - Source: Eurostat (sbs_na_con_r2)

Table 2b: Sectoral analysis of key indicators, construction of buildings (NACE Division 41), EU-28, 2013 - Source: Eurostat (sbs_na_con_r2)

Figure 2: Relative importance of construction of buildings (NACE Division 41), 2013 (1)
(% share of value added and employment in the non-financial business economy total)
Source: Eurostat (sbs_na_con_r2)

Figure 3: Concentration of employment, construction of buildings (NACE Division 41), 2013 (1)
(cumulative share of the five principal Member States as a % of the EU-28 total)
Source: Eurostat (sbs_na_con_r2)

Table 3: Largest and most specialised Member States in construction of buildings (NACE Division 41), EU-28, 2013 - Source: Eurostat (sbs_na_con_r2)

Table 4a: Key indicators, construction of buildings (NACE Division 41), 2013 - Source: Eurostat (sbs_na_con_r2)

Table 4b: Key indicators, construction of buildings (NACE Division 41), 2013 - Source: Eurostat (sbs_na_con_r2)

Table 5: Key size class indicators, construction of buildings (NACE Division 41), EU-28, 2013 - Source: Eurostat(sbs_sc_con_r2)

Figure 4: Relative importance of enterprise size classes, construction of buildings (NACE Division 41), EU-28, 2013 (1)
(% share of sectoral total) - Source: Eurostat (sbs_sc_con_r2)

Figure 5: Sectoral analysis of employment by enterprise size class, construction of buildings (NACE Division 41), EU-28, 2013
(% share of sectoral total) - Source: Eurostat (sbs_sc_con_r2)

Figure 6: Sectoral analysis of value added by enterprise size class, construction of buildings (NACE Division 41), EU-28, 2013
(% share of sectoral total) - Source: Eurostat (sbs_sc_con_r2)

Table 6a: Number of persons employed by enterprise size class, construction of buildings (NACE Division 41), 2013 - Source: Eurostat (sbs_sc_con_r2)

Table 6b: Value added by enterprise size class, construction of buildings (NACE Division 41), 2013 - Source: Eurostat (sbs_sc_con_r2)

Figure 7: Ten largest NUTS 2 regions in terms of employment, construction of buildings (NACE Division 41), EU-28 and Norway, 2013
(thousands) - Source: Eurostat (sbs_r_nuts06_r2)

Contents [hide]
1 Main statistical findings
1.1 Structural profile
1.2 Sectoral analysis
1.3 Country analysis
1.4 Size class analysis
2 Data sources and availability
3 Context
4 See also
5 Further Eurostat information
5.1 Publications
5.2 Main tables
5.3 Database
5.4 Dedicated section
5.5 Other information
6 External links
Main statistical findings
Structural profile

The construction of buildings sector is one of the largest (at the NACE division level) within the EU-28’s non-financial business economy (Sections B to J and L to N and Division 95). Around 809 thousand enterprises operated in the EU-28’s construction of buildings sector (Division 41) in 2013, accounting for some 3.6 % of all enterprises in the non-financial business economy. Together these enterprises employed 3.1 million persons, 2.3 % of the non-financial business economy workforce and 25.5 % of the total number of persons employed in construction (Section F). They generated EUR 133.6 billion of value added which was 2.1 % of the non-financial business economy total and 27.4 % of the construction total.

The apparent labour productivity of the EU-28’s construction of buildings sector in 2013 was EUR 43.0 thousand per person employed, EUR 3.9 thousand per person less than the non-financial business economy average of EUR 46.9 thousand per person employed, but slightly above the construction average of EUR 40.0 thousand per person employed. Average personnel costs within the EU-28’s construction of buildings sector were EUR 30.4 thousand per employee, slightly lower than the non-financial business economy average (EUR 32.7 thousand per employee) and the construction average (EUR 33.0 thousand per employee). The EU-28’s construction of buildings sector recorded a wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio of 141.0 %, below the non-financial business economy average (143.1 %), but well above the construction average (120.0 %). By contrast, this sector’s gross operating rate (the relation between the gross operating surplus and turnover) of 11.0 % was just above the non-financial business economy average (9.5 %), but just below the construction average (11.2 %).
Sectoral analysis

The construction of buildings sector is composed of two subsectors: the development of building projects (Group 41.1) and the construction of residential and non-residential buildings (Group 41.2). The development of building projects was the smaller of the two subsectors within the EU-28 according to most measures, with 8.6 % of the sector’s employment and 22.6 % of sectoral value added in 2013 — see Figure 1.

Due to its larger value added share, the EU-28’s development of building projects subsector had a much higher apparent labour productivity (EUR 113.0 thousand per person employed) than that for the construction of residential and non-residential buildings subsector. In fact, the apparent labour productivity of the development of building projects subsector was by far the highest among all of the NACE groups within the construction sector. A similar situation could be seen for the other indicators shown in Table 2b. In 2013, average personnel costs, wage-adjusted labour productivity and gross operating rates were higher for the EU-28’s development of building projects subsector than for any other NACE group within construction.

By contrast, the construction of residential and non-residential buildings recorded an apparent labour productivity of EUR 36.0 thousand per person employed, below the construction average of EUR 43.0 thousand per person employed and average personnel costs of EUR 29.5 thousand per employee that were also below the construction average of EUR 30.4 thousand per employee.
Country analysis

As noted above, the construction of buildings sector traditionally displays a strongly cyclical development. Furthermore, activity contracted sharply during the financial and economic crisis, and the effects of this are still being felt in some of the EU Member States at the time of writing.

In 2013, the United Kingdom was the largest Member State for the construction of buildings sector in value added terms, with a 25.8 % share of EU-28 value added; and Spain showed the largest share of the EU-28’s workforce with 13.2 %.

The United Kingdom also recorded the highest level of value added across the EU Member States for the construction of residential and non-residential buildings subsector — see Table 3. In value added terms, Cyprus was most specialised Member State for the construction of buildings sector in 2013, where 4.8 % of its non-financial business economy value added was generated. The least specialised Member States, in value added terms, were Slovakia (1.1 % of non-financial business economy value added in the construction of buildings sector), Germany (1.2 %) and France and Slovenia (1.3 %). For the remaining Member States, the share of the construction of buildings sector in non-financial business economy value added ranged from 1.4 % in Denmark to 3.8 % in Poland.

A wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio below 100.0 % was observed in four Member States for the construction of buildings sector in 2013, namely Spain (95.4 %), the Netherlands (93.1 %), Portugal (90.3 %) and Sweden (96.8 %), indicating that the average value added generated per person employed was less than average personnel costs. At the other end of the ranking, the highest wage-adjusted labour productivity ratios were 263,4 % in Malta, followed by 257.4 % in the United Kingdom. These two Member States, as well as Croatia, Germany, Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary Cyprus, Latvia, Poland and Romania had the wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio for the construction of buildings sector above the national average for the non-financial business economy.
Size class analysis

The enterprise size structure of the construction of buildings sector is dominated by micro enterprises (employing fewer than 10 persons) and to a lesser extent by small enterprises (employing 10 to 49 persons). These two size classes employed 71.2 % of the workforce in the EU-28’s construction of buildings sector in 2013 and accounted for nearly two thirds (63.2 %) of its value added. While the 500 and more large enterprises (employing 250 or more persons) employed 11.9 % of the workforce, they generated 18.5 % of total value added, and thereby recorded the highest apparent labour productivity (EUR 66.8 thousand per person employed) among the four size classes presented in Table 5.

Micro and small enterprises collectively employed more than half of the construction of buildings workforce in 2013 in nearly all of the EU Member States (for which data are available — see Table 6a): the exceptions were Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg and Austria, where medium-sized enterprises (employing 50 to 249 persons) accounted for at least one third of the workforce. The share of the workforce employed in large enterprises was less than one quarter in most Member States, the exceptions being Sweden, France, and the United Kingdom. In value added terms, the contribution of large enterprises reached 36.0 % in Sweden and 28.4 % in Denmark, but was less than 10.0 % in Italy and Portugal.
Data sources and availability

The analysis presented in this article is based on the main dataset for structural business statistics (SBS) and size class data, all of which are published annually.

The main series provides information for each EU Member State as well as a number of non-member countries at a detailed level according to the activity classification NACE. Data are available for a wide range of variables.

In structural business statistics, size classes are generally defined by the number of persons employed. A limited set of the standard structural business statistics variables (for example, the number of enterprises, turnover, persons employed and value added) are analysed by size class, mostly down to the three-digit (group) level of NACE. The main size classes used in this article for presenting the results are:
small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): with 1 to 249 persons employed, further divided into;
micro enterprises: with less than 10 persons employed;
small enterprises: with 10 to 49 persons employed;
medium-sized enterprises: with 50 to 249 persons employed;
large enterprises: with 250 or more persons employed.
Context

This article presents an overview of statistics for the construction of buildings sector in the EU, as covered by NACE Rev. 2 Division 41. This division includes general construction of buildings of all kinds. It includes new work, repair, additions and alterations, the erection of pre-fabricated buildings or structures on the site and also constructions of a temporary nature. Also included are the construction of entire dwellings, office buildings, stores and other public and utility buildings, farm buildings, and so on.

The development of building projects (residential and non-residential) involves bringing together financial, technical and physical means to achieve the building projects for later sale.

The construction of buildings (residential and non-residential) includes the construction of complete buildings on own account for sale or on a fee or contract basis. Outsourcing parts or even the whole construction process is possible. All types of residential buildings and non-residential buildings are included, such as factories, workshops, assembly plants, warehouses, stores, shopping malls, hotels, restaurants, airport buildings, office buildings, hospitals, schools, religious buildings, indoor sports facilities and parking garages (including underground). Remodelling or renovating existing structures is also included.

This NACE division is composed of two groups:
the development of building projects (Group 41.1);
the construction of residential and non-residential buildings (Group 41.2).

The information that is presented in this article excludes the erection of complete prefabricated constructions from self-manufactured parts not of concrete (these activities form part of the wood and metal manufacturing sectors (Divisions 16 and 25 respectively)), the construction of industrial facilities except buildings (which are included within civil engineering, Division 42). Also excluded are architectural and engineering activities and project management services related to building projects (Division 71).
See also
Construction
Other analyses of the business economy by NACE Rev. 2 sector
Structural business statistics introduced
Further Eurostat information
Publications
European business - facts and figures (online publication)
Key figures on European Business – with a special feature section on SMEs – 2011 edition
Main tables
Structural business statistics (t_sbs)
Database
Structural business statistics (sbs), see:SBS - industry and construction (sbs_ind_co)Annual detailed enterprise statistics - industry and construction (sbs_na_ind)Annual detailed enterprise statistics for construction (NACE Rev. 2 F) (sbs_na_con_r2)SMEs - Annual enterprise statistics by size class - industry and construction (sbs_sc_ind)Construction by employment size class (NACE Rev. 2 F) (sbs_sc_con_r2)SBS - regional data - all activities (sbs_r)SBS data by NUTS 2 regions and NACE Rev. 2 (from 2008 onwards) (sbs_r_nuts06_r2)
Dedicated section
Structural business statistics
Other information
Decision 1578/2007/EC of 11 December 2007 on the Community Statistical Programme 2008 to 2012
Regulation 295/2008 of 11 March 2008 concerning structural business statistics
External links
European Commission – Energy, see:
Energy efficiency in buildings
European Commission – Enterprise and Industry, see:
Construction
European Commission – Environment, see:
Waste: construction and demolition
Joint research centre, see:
Euro codes

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